This waste, often referred to as “coffee grounds,” is rich in nutrients and can be used for various purposes beyond just brewing coffee. The potential benefits of coffee grounds are numerous, ranging from soil enrichment to biofuel production. For example, coffee grounds can be used as a natural fertilizer, improving soil fertility and promoting plant growth. They can also be used to create compost, a valuable resource for gardeners and farmers.

The demand for sand is expected to grow significantly in the future, driven by population growth, urbanization, and infrastructure development. This growth in demand is expected to outstrip the supply of sand in many regions, leading to a global shortage. The environmental impact of sand extraction is significant. It can lead to habitat loss, soil erosion, and water pollution.

The pyrolysis process transforms the organic waste into a solid, charcoal-like material. This charcoal-like material, known as biochar, is then mixed with the concrete. The biochar acts as a powerful additive, enhancing the strength, durability, and sustainability of the concrete. The team’s research has shown that biochar can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of concrete production.

This biochar is intended to be used as a soil amendment to improve soil fertility and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The team is exploring different methods for producing biochar, including pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal carbonization. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the team is carefully considering the factors that will influence the production process, such as energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact.